Friedman & Rosenman (both cardiologists) developed their theory based on an observation of the patients with heart conditions in their waiting room. They tended to sit on the edge of the seat and leaped up frequently. They were as tense as racehorses at the gate. The two doctors labeled this behavior Type A personality. They subsequently conduced research to show that people with type A personality run a higher risk of heart disease and high blood pressure than type Bs. Although originally called 'Type A personality' by Friedman & Rosenman it has now been conceptualized as a set of behavioral responses collectively known as Type A Behavior Pattern. Type A Behavior Pattern (TABP)Typical responses of TABP include: Competitiveness. Type A individuals tend to be very competitive and self- critical. They strive toward goals without feeling a sense of joy in their efforts or accomplishments. Interrelated with this is the presence of a significant life imbalance. They also tend to have high blood pressure (hypertension). Time Urgency. Type A personalities experience a constant sense of urgency: Type A people seem to be in a constant struggle against the clock. Often, they quickly become impatient with delays and unproductive time, schedule commitments too tightly, and try to do more than one thing at a time, such as reading while eating or watching television. Hostility. Type A individuals tend to be easily aroused to anger or hostility, which they may or may not express overtly. Such individuals tend to see the worse in others, displaying anger, envy and a lack of compassion. When this behavior is expressed overtly (i. Hostility appears to be the main factor linked to heart disease and is a better predictor than the TAPB as a whole. Type B & C Personalities. People with Type B personality tend to be more tolerant of others, are more relaxed than Type A individuals, more reflective, experience lower levels of anxiety and display higher level of imagination and creativity. Finally, about those unrealistic expectations that we should be able to control our minds. Instead of getting impatient (“upset“ or “angry”) about what arises in our minds, can we work on holding unwelcome thoughts and emotions more lightly—even sometimes with humor. And in 2007, Science Daily reported that, according to researchers at the University of Bonn and the Institute for the Study of Labor, impatient people may not be as savvy as patient people when it comes to money matters — and so run a greater risk of financial. Being impatient is bad for blood pressure and the heart. Now that the holiday season is here, nearly everyone's patience will be tested at one time or another. Long lines, crowded malls and unbearable travel delays are among the reasons why some. Comments admin: Hi Sue! I haven't noticed a change in how I feel yet, but that's a good thing :) When I was a vegetarian in th. Thanks for your comment. I love meat too and I definitely miss it, not going to lie;) You'll get the. IMPATIENCE is one of seven basic character flaws or “dark” personality traits. We all have the potential for impatient tendencies, but in people with a strong fear of missing out, Impatience can become a dominant pattern. Impatience is usually. The Type C personality has difficulty expressing emotion and tends to suppress emotions, particularly negative ones such as anger. Empirical Research. Friedman & Rosenman (1. Type A personality could predict incidents of heart disease. The Western Collaborative Group Study followed 3. Participants were asked to complete a questionnaire. Examples of questions asked by Friedman & Rosenman: Do you feel guilty if you use spare time to relax? Do you need to win in order to derive enjoyment from games and sports? Do you generally move, walk and eat rapidly? Do you often try to do more than one thing at a time? From their responses, and from their manner, each participant was put into one of two groups: Type A behavior: competitive, ambitious, impatient, aggressive, fast talking. Type B behavior: relaxed, non- competitive. According to the results of the questionnaire 1. Type A personalities, and 1. Type B. When the figures were adjusted for smoking, lifestyle, etc. By the end of the study, 7. CHD) were type A personalities. The Type A personality types behavior makes them more prone to stress- related illnesses such as CHD, raised blood pressure etc. Such people are more likely to have their . As a result, they are more likely to have the stress hormones present, which over a long period of time leads to a range of stress- related illnesses. Research Evaluation. Limitations of the study involve problems with external validity. Studies carried out on women have not shown such a major difference between Type A and Type B and subsequent health. This may suggest that different coping strategies are just as important as personality. The study was able to control for other important variables, such as smoking and lifestyle. Theoretical Evaluation. However, there are a number of problems with the type A & B approach. Such approaches have been criticized for attempting to describe complex human experiences within narrowly defined parameters. Johnston, 1. 99. 3) has concentrated on hostility, arguing that the Type A behavior pattern is characterized by underlying hostility which is a major factor leading to coronary heart disease. Other research has investigated the way that type A people experience and cope with stress, which is the major factor leading to coronary heart disease. It would seem that a much more sophisticated model is needed to predict coronary heart disease than Friedman and Rosenman's Type A & Type B approach. References. Johnston, D. The current status of the coronary prone behaviour pattern. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 8. Ragland, D. Coronary heart disease mortality in the Western Collaborative Group Study. Follow- up experience of 2. American Journal of Epidemiology, 1. Rosenman, R. I., & Friedman, M. Multivariate prediction of coronary heart disease during 8. Western Collaborative Group Study. The American Journal of Cardiology, 3. How to cite this article: Mc. Leod, S. Retrieved from www.
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